Table 1 State Rankings and Quality Checklist Sums
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STATE Access for 4-year-olds rank Access for 3-year-olds rank Resources rank based on state spending Resources based on all reported spending Quality standards checklist sum(maximum of 10) Alabama 15 None Served 17 17 10 Alaska 41 30 25 33 2 Arizona 44 25 33 39 3 Arkansas 22 6 15 12 8 California 18 16 5 5 4.5 Colorado 26 15 40 31 4 Connecticut 32 12 7 9 5.1 Delaware 40 23 12 25 9* District of Columbia 1 1 1 1 4 Florida 2 None Served 43 45 2 Georgia 8 None Served 26 34 8 Hawaii 45 32 4 4 10 Illinois 20 3 24 22 8 Iowa 5 22 39 43 8 Kansas 12 5 34 41 6 Kentucky 24 18 19 11 8* Louisiana 21 34 28 35 7.9 Maine 14 None Served 35 27 9 Maryland 16 21 16 8 7 Massachusetts 25 9 45 38 6 Michigan 19 None Served 6 6 10* Minnesota† 35 31 22 28 5.4 Mississippi 37 None Served 41 23 10 Missouri 39 29 30 36 5 Nebraska 17 8 42 10 7 Nevada 38 None Served 9 15 7 New Jersey 23 4 2 2 8 New Mexico 13 10 10 21 9 New York 9 7 23 32 7 North Carolina 30 None Served 13 13 8* North Dakota 43 None Served 21 26 5 Ohio 36 27 36 42 5 Oklahoma 3 20 31 14 9 Oregon 34 13 3 3 6.9 Pennsylvania† 28 11 11 24 6.9* Rhode Island 27 None Served 18 18 10 South Carolina 11 33 37 40 7 Tennessee 31 28 29 30 9 Texas 10 14 32 37 4 Utah 42 26 44 44 3 Vermont† 4 2 14 20 7 Virginia† 29 24 27 19 5.9 Washington 33 17 8 7 8.5 West Virginia 6 19 20 16 9 Wisconsin 7 35 38 29 3 Idaho No program No program No program No program No program Indiana No program No program No program No program No program Montana No program No program No program No program No program New Hampshire No program No program No program No program No program South Dakota No program No program No program No program No program Wyoming No program No program No program No program No program † At least one program in these states did not break down total enrollment figures into specific numbers of 3- and 4-year-olds served. As a result, enrollment by single year of age was estimated.
* Indicates that while a policy meets the benchmark, at least one benchmark in a program is not being fully implemented.
Table 2: State Preschool Access by State
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PERCENT OF CHILDREN ENROLLED IN STATE PREKINDERGARTEN (2021-2022) NUMBER OF CHILDREN ENROLLED IN STATE PREKINDERGARTEN (2021-2022) ACCESS FOR 4-YEAR-OLDS RANK STATE 4-year-olds 3-year-olds Total (3s and 4s) 4-year-olds 3-year-olds Total (3s and 4s) 1 District of Columbia 83% 69% 76% 6,716 5,561 12,277 2 Florida 68% 0% 34% 157,451 0 157,451 3 Oklahoma 65% 6% 36% 33,731 2,897 36,628 4 Vermont 65% 35% 50% 3,917 2,033 5,950 5 Iowa 64% 4% 34% 25,329 1,442 26,771 6 West Virginia 63% 6% 35% 11,707 1,114 12,821 7 Wisconsin 61% 0.05% 31% 41,218 31 41,249 8 Georgia 55% 0% 28% 73,177 0 73,177 9 New York 52% 16% 34% 116,144 35,844 151,988 10 Texas 47% 9% 28% 188,276 34,148 222,424 11 South Carolina 43% 0.4% 22% 24,968 235 25,203 12 Kansas 42% 18% 31% 15,878 6,701 22,579 13 New Mexico 42% 11% 26% 10,048 2,488 12,536 14 Maine 41% 0% 21% 5,315 0 5,315 15 Alabama 36% 0% 18% 21,939 0 21,939 16 Maryland 34% 5% 20% 25,159 3,827 28,986 17 Nebraska 33% 16% 24% 8,772 4,023 12,795 18 California 31% 7% 19% 147,351 31,392 178,743 19 Michigan 31% 0% 16% 35,895 0 35,895 20 Illinois 31% 21% 26% 45,613 30,457 76,070 21 Louisiana 30% 0.2% 15% 17,900 95 17,995 22 Arkansas 29% 17% 23% 11,055 6,473 17,528 23 New Jersey 29% 20% 25% 31,711 21,582 53,293 24 Kentucky 25% 6% 16% 13,653 3,392 17,045 25 Massachusetts 25% 12% 19% 17,627 8,823 26,450 26 Colorado 23% 8% 16% 15,177 5,290 20,467 27 Rhode Island 21% 0% 11% 2,364 0 2,364 28 Pennsylvania 20% 10% 15% 28,290 14,302 42,592 29 Virginia 20% 2% 11% 20,076 2,200 22,276 30 North Carolina 19% 0% 10% 23,679 0 23,679 31 Tennessee 19% 1% 10% 15,597 1,037 16,634 32 Connecticut 18% 10% 14% 6,798 3,589 10,387 33 Washington 13% 6% 10% 12,321 5,728 18,049 34 Oregon 13% 9% 11% 5,952 4,057 10,009 35 Minnesota 11% 1% 6% 7,624 420 8,044 36 Ohio 10% 2% 6% 14,447 2,285 16,732 37 Mississippi 8% 0% 4% 2,807 0 2,807 38 Nevada 6% 0% 3% 2,385 0 2,385 39 Missouri 6% 1% 3% 4,431 733 5,164 40 Delaware 5% 2% 4% 577 241 818 41 Alaska 5% 1% 3% 497 93 590 42 Utah 4% 2% 3% 1,942 871 2,813 43 North Dakota 3% 0% 2% 371 0 371 44 Arizona 3% 2% 3% 2,521 1,720 4,241 45 Hawaii 3% 0.4% 2% 480 69 549 No program Idaho 0% 0% 0% 0 0 0 No program Indiana 0% 0% 0% 0 0 0 No program Montana 0% 0% 0% 0 0 0 No program New Hampshire 0% 0% 0% 0 0 0 No program South Dakota 0% 0% 0% 0 0 0 No program Wyoming 0% 0% 0% 0 0 0 50 states + DC* 32% 6% 19% 1,258,885 245,194 1,504,080 Guam 2% 0% 1% 57 0 57 For details about how these figures were calculated, see the Methodology section and Roadmap to the State Profile Pages.
*Nationwide, an additional 22,036 children of other ages were enrolled in state prekindergarten, for a total of 1,526,116 children.
Table 3A: Change in Preschool Enrollment of 3-Year-Olds Over Time
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2020-2021 TO 2021-2022 2019-2020 TO 2021-2022 2001-2002 TO 2021-2022 STATE Number % served Number % served Number % served Alabama 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% Alaska -23 0% -188 -2% 93 1% Arizona 362 1% 8 0% 1,720 2% Arkansas 594 2% -178 0% 5,531 15% California 9,948 2% -24,846 -5% 20,468 5% Colorado 533 1% -1,108 -1% 4,560 7% Connecticut 469 1% -1,836 -5% 2,054 6% Delaware 72 1% -22 0% 241 2% District of Columbia -35 5% -874 -4% 4,436 49% Florida 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% Georgia 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% Hawaii 69 0% 69 0% 69 0% Idaho 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% Illinois 5,617 4% -3,855 -1% 16,359 13% Indiana 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% Iowa 326 1% 3 0% 931 2% Kansas 1,664 5% 5,305 15% 6,701 18% Kentucky 146 0% -2,766 -5% -1,480 -3% Louisiana -5 0% 95 0% 95 0% Maine 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% Maryland 1,602 2% 1,387 2% 2,419 3% Massachusetts** -6,646 -9% -3,199 -4% -609 1% Michigan 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% Minnesota* 27 0% -116 0% -395 -1% Mississippi 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% Missouri -290 0% -417 -1% -1,813 -2% Montana 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% Nebraska -3 0% -297 -1% 3,899 15% Nevada 0 0% 0 0% -111 0% New Hampshire 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% New Jersey 5,122 4% -677 -1% 8,797 9% New Mexico 640 3% 918 4% 2,018 9% New York 22,647 10% 25,121 11% 30,009 14% North Carolina 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% North Dakota 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% Ohio -146 0% 498 0% -7,429 -5% Oklahoma -14 0% 58 0% 2,897 6% Oregon 764 2% 471 2% 2,948 7% Pennsylvania* 2,906 2% -757 0% 14,302 10% Rhode Island 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% South Carolina 197 0% -22 0% -115 0% South Dakota 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% Tennessee 395 0% 829 1% 195 0% Texas 7,723 2% -2,949 0% 14,407 3% Utah 354 1% 352 1% 871 2% Vermont* 255 5% -1,439 -23% 1,664 30% Virginia* 1,378 1% 2,200 2% 2,200 2% Washington 161 0% 394 1% 4,579 5% West Virginia 99 1% -118 0% -654 -3% Wisconsin -11 0% -371 -1% -657 -1% Wyoming 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% United States 56,897 2% -8,326 0% 141,201 4% Guam 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% At least one program in these states did not break down total enrollment figures into specific numbers of 3- and 4-year-olds served. As a result, the figures in the table are estimates.
** Information on Massachusetts’ UPK program is not longer included in the report. That program is no longer supported by state funding.
Table 3B: Change in Preschool Enrollment of 4-Year-Olds Over Time
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2020-2021 TO 2021-2022 2019-2020 TO 2021-2022 2001-2002 TO 2021-2022 STATE Number % served Number % served Number % served Alabama 3,033 5% 1,500 2% 21,183 35% Alaska -23 0% -626 -6% 497 5% Arizona 700 1% -366 0% -1,756 -3% Arkansas 634 2% -1,729 -4% 8,831 23% California 14,792 4% -35,040 -5% 102,817 23% Colorado 1,746 3% -1,361 -1% 6,857 9% Connecticut 1,155 3% -1,188 -3% 2,381 9% Delaware -84 -1% -5 0% -266 -3% District of Columbia -504 -1% -640 -1% 3,705 39% Florida 21,309 11% -9,275 -3% 157,451 68% Georgia 6,623 6% -7,151 -4% 9,564 2% Hawaii 89 1% -198 -1% 480 3% Idaho 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% Illinois 3,992 3% -5,067 -2% 6,711 9% Indiana 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% Iowa 1,632 5% -1,406 -2% 23,773 60% Kansas 767 3% 4,505 13% 13,648 37% Kentucky 1,963 4% -3,076 -5% 836 1% Louisiana 537 2% -2,555 -3% 10,381 18% Maine 902 7% -571 -3% 3,875 31% Maryland 2,319 3% -5,510 -7% 6,785 9% Massachusetts** -6,648 -9% -3,987 -5% 8,195 13% Michigan 9,120 8% -1,473 -1% 9,418 12% Minnesota* -120 0% 38 0% 6,354 9% Mississippi 80 0% -257 0% 2,807 8% Missouri -919 -1% -1,210 -1% 745 1% Montana 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% Nebraska 518 2% -516 -1% 8,416 32% Nevada 416 1% -685 -2% 2,064 5% New Hampshire 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% New Jersey 1,276 0% -1,443 -2% 7,830 9% New Mexico 1,508 8% -449 1% 9,678 40% New York 13,744 6% 6,728 3% 52,645 27% North Carolina 3,742 4% -7,380 -5% 22,439 18% North Dakota -983 -9% -864 -8% 371 3% Ohio 1,826 1% -1,636 -1% 562 1% Oklahoma 563 3% -3,486 -5% 7,852 10% Oregon 616 2% 178 1% 3,363 7% Pennsylvania* 1,720 1% -3,756 -2% 25,740 18% Rhode Island 516 5% 944 8% 2,364 21% South Carolina 3,907 8% -3,715 -4% 9,318 13% South Dakota 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% Tennessee 638 1% -2,660 -3% 13,839 17% Texas 18,480 6% -22,993 -4% 60,693 8% Utah 376 1% 239 1% 1,942 4% Vermont* 492 8% -705 -12% 3,297 56% Virginia* 2,842 3% 917 1% 14,198 13% Washington 2,461 3% 3,655 4% 7,536 7% West Virginia 1,167 7% -1,684 -5% 6,622 39% Wisconsin 3,375 6% -5,233 -6% 27,714 42% Wyoming 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% United States 122,294 4% -121,193 -2% 693,754 18% Guam 7 0% -14 0% 57 2% * At least one program in these states did not break down total enrollment figures into specific numbers of 3- and 4-year-olds served. As a result, the figures in the table are estimates.
** Information on Massachusetts’ UPK program is not longer included in the report. That program is no longer supported by state funding.
Table 4: 2021-2022 Enrollment of 3- and 4-Year-Olds in State Preschool, Preschool Special Education, and Federal and State Head Start
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PRE-K + PRE-K SPECIAL EDUCATION PRE-K + PRE-K SPECIAL EDUCATION + HEAD START†† 3 Year Old 4 Year Old 3 Year Old 4 Year Old STATE Number enrolled % of state population Number enrolled % of state population Number enrolled % of state population Number enrolled % of state population Alabama† 817 1.4% 22,058 36.4% 6,812 11.3% 25,278 41.7% Alaska* 350 3.6% 918 9.0% 2,158 22.2% 3,080 30.3% Arizona 4,120 5.0% 6,437 7.6% 9,931 12.1% 13,879 16.4% Arkansas 8,071 21.7% 14,001 37.0% 11,382 30.6% 16,447 43.5% California 42,498 9.4% 153,296 32.7% 76,571 16.9% 183,218 39.1% Colorado 7,402 11.6% 17,796 27.2% 11,101 17.4% 21,634 33.0% Connecticut† 5,719 15.5% 9,298 24.8% 7,768 21.0% 11,212 29.9% Delaware 951 8.7% 1,521 13.7% 1,525 13.9% 2,192 19.7% District of Columbia† 5,561 68.8% 6,716 83.0% 5,655 70.0% 6,762 83.6% Florida* 5,537 2.4% 157,451 68.4% 21,128 9.3% 173,546 75.4% Georgia† 2,054 1.6% 74,825 56.5% 13,144 10.1% 78,564 59.3% Hawaii 547 3.2% 1,181 6.8% 1,602 9.5% 2,346 13.5% Idaho 565 2.4% 1,000 4.1% 1,799 7.7% 2,824 11.6% Illinois† 30,958 21.3% 48,631 32.7% 39,988 27.5% 57,312 38.5% Indiana 3,552 4.2% 4,972 5.9% 8,588 10.2% 10,693 12.6% Iowa† 2,026 5.2% 26,258 66.4% 4,426 11.4% 27,970 70.7% Kansas 6,701 18.4% 15,878 42.5% 8,887 24.4% 18,567 49.7% Kentucky† 3,392 6.2% 13,653 24.9% 9,184 16.9% 18,477 33.6% Louisiana* 342 0.6% 19,293 32.5% 10,699 18.3% 25,239 42.5% Maine† 582 4.5% 5,824 44.6% 1,513 11.8% 6,219 47.6% Maryland*,† 6,088 8.4% 26,524 36.1% 10,303 14.2% 28,766 39.1% Massachusetts*,† 8,823 12.4% 17,822 24.8% 13,692 19.3% 21,825 30.4% Michigan† 2,959 2.6% 36,287 31.6% 14,994 13.3% 41,742 36.3% Minnesota** 3,104 4.5% 12,285 17.3% 7,638 11.0% 16,706 23.5% Mississippi† 435 1.2% 3,963 10.9% 9,043 25.0% 12,337 34.1% Missouri 3,320 4.5% 8,552 11.5% 9,069 12.3% 12,949 17.4% Montana 37 0.3% 226 1.8% 1,646 13.7% 2,048 16.3% Nebraska† 4,023 15.6% 8,772 33.2% 4,847 18.8% 9,552 36.1% Nevada† 1,202 3.3% 4,175 11.2% 2,426 6.7% 4,967 13.3% New Hampshire 730 5.7% 961 7.3% 1,302 10.2% 1,535 11.7% New Jersey 26,656 24.8% 38,378 35.4% 32,174 29.9% 44,146 40.7% New Mexico 3,167 13.4% 10,207 42.2% 6,420 27.2% 13,189 54.5% New York† 45,486 20.3% 123,960 55.0% 59,759 26.7% 136,102 60.4% North Carolina† 2,633 2.2% 27,259 22.4% 9,836 8.2% 32,806 26.9% North Dakota† 371 3.6% 841 7.8% 1,296 12.5% 2,038 18.9% Ohio 6,729 4.9% 20,255 14.5% 19,515 14.1% 34,441 24.6% Oklahoma 2,897 5.7% 33,731 65.2% 10,062 19.9% 38,008 73.4% Oregon 5,344 12.2% 7,784 17.2% 8,294 19.0% 10,731 23.7% Pennsylvania*,† 21,315 15.2% 37,719 26.5% 31,517 22.5% 49,457 34.8% Rhode Island† 609 5.5% 2,936 26.0% 1,544 13.8% 3,458 30.6% South Carolina 1,627 2.8% 25,452 43.4% 8,308 14.4% 28,743 49.1% South Dakota 324 2.7% 684 5.6% 1,930 15.9% 2,489 20.3% Tennessee† 2,925 3.5% 17,194 20.8% 10,219 12.4% 22,293 27.0% Texas 34,148 8.8% 188,276 46.8% 63,571 16.3% 212,989 53.0% Utah*,† 3,014 6.3% 5,091 10.3% 5,115 10.7% 7,624 15.4% Vermont* 2,219 38.2% 4,055 66.8% 2,662 45.8% 4,473 73.7% Virginia 5,048 5.0% 23,388 23.0% 10,838 10.7% 28,857 28.3% Washington 7,529 8.5% 15,294 16.6% 12,393 13.9% 20,251 22.0% West Virginia† 1,114 6.1% 11,707 63.1% 2,498 13.7% 12,576 67.7% Wisconsin 1,757 2.7% 41,218 61.5% 9,545 14.6% 46,312 69.1% Wyoming 685 10.5% 934 13.5% 1,314 20.0% 1,549 22.4% United States 338,063 8.8% 1,356,938 34.5% 637,629 16.5% 1,610,421 40.9% Guam 28 0.9% 74 2.4% 208 6.7% 429 13.8% * These states serve special education children in their state pre-K programs but were not able to provide the number of children for at least one of their programs. Estimates were used based on the average percent of special education students in state pre-K across all programs and enrollment numbers for each program or on percentages of children with IEPs reported in the previous year.
** Minnesota serves special education children in their state-funded Head Start pre-K programs but were not able to provide the number of children. Estimates were used based on the percent of children with IEPs in Head Start in the state as reported by the PIR.
† At least one program in these states was able to report the number of children enrolled in state pre-K and Head Start. This information was used to estimate an unduplicated count of Head Start enrollment.
†† Totals can overestimate public enrollment in state pre-K, pre-K special education, and Head Start as some or all of Head Start children may be served in a state’s pre-K program and many states could not report this information.
For details about how these figures were calculated see the Methodology section and the Roadmap to the State Profile Pages
Table 5: 2021-2022 State Preschool Quality Standards
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STATE *ELDS Curric. supports. Teacher
has BASpec. training in pre-K. Asst. teacher w/ CDA or equiv. Staff prof. dev. Class
size
20 or
lowerStaff-child ratio 1:10 or better Vision, hearing, & health screening
& referralCQI system Quality standards checklist sum
'21-'22Alabama V V V V V V V V V V 10 Alaska V V 2 Arizona V V V 3 Arkansas V V V V V V V V 8 California CSPP V V V V V V 6 California TK V V V 3 Colorado V V V V 4 Connecticut CDCC V V V V V 5 Connecticut SRP V V V V V 5 Connecticut Smart Start V V V V V V 6 Delaware V V V V V V V V V* 9* District of Columbia V V V V 4 Florida V V 2 Georgia V V V V V V V V 8 Hawaii EOEL V V V V V V V V V V 10 Hawaii HPCSC V V V V V V V V V V 10 Illinois V V V V V V V V 8 Iowa Shared Visions V V V V V V V 7 Iowa SWVPP V V V V V V V V 8 Kansas V V V V V V 6 Kentucky V V V V V V V V* 8* Louisiana 8(g) V V V V V V V 7 Louisiana LA 4 V V V V V V V V 8 Louisiana NSECD V V V V V V V 7 Maine V V V V V V V V V 9 Maryland V V V V V V V 7 Massachusetts CPPI V V V V V V 6 Massachusetts Chapter 70 V V V V V V 6 Michigan V V V* V V V V V V V 10* Minnesota HdSt V V V V V V V V V 9 Minnesota VPK V V V V V 5 Mississippi V V V V V V V V V V 10 Missouri V V V V V 5 Nebraska V V V V V V V 7 Nevada V V V V V V V 7 New Jersey Expansion V V V V V V V V 8 New Jersey ECPA V V V V V V V V 8 New Jersey ELLI V V V V V V V V 8 New Mexico V V V V V V V V V 9 New York V V V V V V V 7 North Carolina V V V* V V V V V 8* North Dakota V V V V V 5 Ohio V V V V V 5 Oklahoma V V V V V V V V V 9 Oregon Pre-K V V V V V V V V 8 Oregon Preschool Promise V V V V V 5 Pennsylvania RTL V V V V V 5 Pennsylvania HSSAP V V V V V V V V 8 Pennsylvania K4 & SBPK V V V 3 Pennsylvania Pre-K Counts V V V* V V V V V 8* Rhode Island V V V V V V V V V V 10 South Carolina V V V V V V V 7 Tennessee V V V V V V V V V 9 Texas V V V V 4 Utah V V V 3 Vermont V V V V V V V 7 Virginia VPI V V V V V V 6 Virginia Mixed Delivery V V V V 4 Washington ECEAP V V V V V V V V V 9 Washington TK V V V V V V 6 West Virginia V V V V V V V V V 9 Wisconsin V V V 3 TOTAL 60 56 33 50 19 18 47 50 43 41 Guam V V V V V V 6 *CQI system indicates Continuous quality improvement system
*ELDS indicates Early Learning & Development Standards
* Indicates that while the policy meets the benchmark, it is not being fully implemented.
Table 6: State Pre-K Resources 2021-2022
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STATE Resource rank based on state spending State $ per child enrolled in preschool Total state preschool spending in 2021-2022 Change in total state spending from 2020-2021 to 2021-2022
Adjusted dollarsDistrict of Columbia 1 $20,442 $251,973,895 -$17,135,244 New Jersey 2 $16,728 $891,476,664 -$55,369,735 Oregon 3 $13,489 $135,009,596 -$26,018,407 Hawaii 4 $12,590 $6,912,020 -$2,630,313 California 5 $12,229 $2,220,877,123 $74,622,274 Michigan 6 $11,927 $428,120,000 $78,584,627 Connecticut 7 $11,836 $130,701,882 -$5,199,344 Washington 8 $11,081 $200,937,368 $36,330,803 Nevada 9 $8,910 $21,249,303 $1,352,024 New Mexico 10 $8,270 $103,932,565 $3,550,991 Pennsylvania 11 $7,787 $351,710,037 $7,038,439 Delaware 12 $7,517 $6,149,300 -$510,440 North Carolina 13 $7,357 $174,200,929 -$26,578,760 Vermont 14 $7,316 $55,171,586 -$1,426,216 Arkansas 15 $7,202 $137,535,701 -$22,161,173 Maryland 16 $7,174 $210,328,097 -$55,523,417 Alabama 17 $6,953 $152,532,676 $14,559,556 Rhode Island 18 $6,940 $16,405,754 $811,132 Kentucky 19 $6,804 $119,820,503 $7,785,654 West Virginia 20 $6,551 $86,922,185 -$31,103,846 North Dakota 21 $6,321 $2,345,174 $1,729,906 Minnesota 22 $6,256 $50,319,320 -$2,358,781 New York 23 $5,815 $883,787,441 $990,703 Illinois 24 $5,398 $411,526,918 -$35,737,811 Alaska 25 $5,353 $3,238,823 $229,181 Georgia 26 $5,288 $386,946,908 -$4,576,209 Virginia 27 $5,271 $117,412,318 $21,018,465 Louisiana 28 $5,038 $90,651,835 -$8,395,125 Tennessee 29 $5,024 $83,571,392 -$5,615,595 Missouri 30 $4,978 $26,084,589 -$798,344 Oklahoma 31 $4,708 $184,734,990 -$8,606,291 Texas** 32 $4,267 $871,371,254 $122,950,371 Arizona 33 $4,177 $20,090,440 $4,390,767 Kansas 34 $4,152 $93,748,414 $3,499,287 Maine 35 $4,056 $22,675,135 -$5,188,785 Ohio 36 $4,000 $66,928,000 $1,722,262 South Carolina 37 $3,844 $97,166,139 -$9,203,333 Wisconsin 38 $3,643 $166,662,416 $5,713,983 Iowa* 39 $3,622 $93,329,515 -$6,050,674 Colorado 40 $3,391 $69,412,304 $8,164,817 Mississippi 41 $3,145 $8,829,003 $466,820 Nebraska 42 $2,313 $30,903,375 -$133,689 Florida 43 $2,254 $354,904,063 $27,287,816 Utah 44 $2,206 $6,206,636 $4,172,453 Massachusetts 45 $2,027 $57,892,749 -$25,536,923 Idaho No Program $0 $0 $0 Indiana No Program $0 $0 $0 Montana No Program $0 $0 $0 New Hampshire No Program $0 $0 $0 South Dakota No Program $0 $0 $0 Wyoming No Program $0 $0 $0 50 states + DC $6,571 $9,902,706,335 $71,113,876 Guam $5,043 $287,425 -$129,309 For details about how these figures were calculated, see the Methodology section and Roadmap to the State Profile Pages. State spending data includes federal pandemic relief as well as federal TANF dollars used for preschool.
* 1,313 children with instructional IEPs were served in Iowa’s SWVPP program but were funded by sources not reported by the state. Similar to prior years, these children were removed from the per-child spending calculations.
** Texas includes 18,711 Non-ADA eligible children in their enrollment total. These children are removed from state funding per child calculations.
Table 7: All-Reported Pre-K Resources 2021-2022
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STATE Resource rank based on
all-reported
spendingAll-reported $ per child enrolled in preschool State reported non-state funds State $ per child enrolled in preschool Local $ per child enrolled in preschool Federal $ per child enrolled in preschool Total all-reported preschool spending in 2021-2022 District of Columbia 1 $20,442 No $20,442 $0 $0 $251,973,895 New Jersey 2 $16,728 No $16,728 $0 $0 $891,476,664 Oregon 3 $13,489 No $13,489 $0 $0 $135,009,596 Hawaii 4 $12,590 No $12,590 $0 $0 $6,912,020 California 5 $12,238 Yes $12,229 $9 $0 $2,222,530,064 Michigan 6 $11,927 No $11,927 $0 $0 $428,120,000 Washington 7 $11,922 Yes $11,081 $435 $406 $216,194,001 Maryland 8 $11,880 Yes $7,174 $4,706 $0 $348,285,012 Connecticut 9 $11,836 No $11,836 $0 $0 $130,701,882 Nebraska 10 $11,690 Yes $2,313 $4,326 $5,051 $156,174,441 Kentucky 11 $11,505 Yes $6,804 $1,768 $2,934 $202,621,884 Arkansas 12 $11,086 Yes $7,202 $3,644 $240 $211,704,478 North Carolina 13 $11,073 Yes $7,357 $2,050 $1,666 $262,190,708 Oklahoma 14 $10,708 Yes $4,708 $3,955 $2,046 $420,190,380 Nevada 15 $10,625 Yes $8,910 $0 $1,715 $25,339,675 West Virginia 16 $10,189 Yes $6,551 $188 $3,450 $135,190,470 Alabama 17 $8,862 Yes $6,953 $982 $927 $194,413,102 Rhode Island 18 $8,786 Yes $6,940 $0 $1,846 $20,770,301 Virginia 19 $8,731 Yes $5,271 $2,602 $858 $194,488,762 Vermont*** 20 $8,468 Yes $7,316 $248 $903 $63,856,044 New Mexico 21 $8,270 No $8,270 $0 $0 $103,932,565 Illinois 22 $8,081 Yes $5,398 $2,683 $0 $616,087,954 Mississippi 23 $7,958 Yes $3,145 $4,222 $590 $22,337,066 Pennsylvania 24 $7,787 No $7,787 $0 $0 $351,710,037 Delaware 25 $7,517 No $7,517 $0 $0 $6,149,300 North Dakota 26 $7,375 Yes $6,321 $1,054 $0 $2,736,044 Maine 27 $7,372 Yes $4,056 $3,317 $0 $41,218,091 Minnesota 28 $7,322 Yes $6,256 $1,067 $0 $58,901,212 Wisconsin 29 $6,826 Yes $3,643 $3,183 $0 $312,268,635 Tennessee 30 $6,435 Yes $5,024 $1,410 $0 $107,033,390 Colorado 31 $6,240 Yes $3,391 $2,848 $0 $127,710,729 New York 32 $5,815 No $5,815 $0 $0 $883,787,441 Alaska 33 $5,403 Yes $5,353 $0 $50 $3,268,823 Georgia 34 $5,288 No $5,288 $0 $0 $386,946,908 Louisiana 35 $5,038 No $5,038 $0 $0 $90,651,835 Missouri 36 $4,978 No $4,978 $0 $0 $26,084,589 Texas** 37 $4,971 Yes $4,267 $704 $0 $1,027,941,168 Massachusetts 38 $4,284 Yes $2,027 $1,958 $298 $122,315,549 Arizona 39 $4,177 No $4,177 $0 $0 $20,090,440 South Carolina 40 $4,155 Yes $3,844 $0 $311 $105,024,597 Kansas 41 $4,152 No $4,152 $0 $0 $93,748,414 Ohio 42 $4,000 No $4,000 $0 $0 $66,928,000 Iowa* 43 $3,755 Yes $3,622 $133 $0 $96,758,059 Utah 44 $3,755 Yes $2,206 $0 $1,548 $10,562,113 Florida 45 $2,254 No $2,254 $0 $0 $354,904,063 Idaho No program $0 NA $0 $0 $0 $0 Indiana No program $0 NA $0 $0 $0 $0 Montana No program $0 NA $0 $0 $0 $0 New Hampshire No program $0 NA $0 $0 $0 $0 South Dakota No program $0 NA $0 $0 $0 $0 Wyoming No program $0 NA $0 $0 $0 $0 50 states + DC $7,656 Yes $6,571 $840 $245 $11,557,240,401 Guam $5,043 No $5,043 $0 $0 $287,425 For details about how these figures were calculated, see the Methodology section and Roadmap to the State Profile Pages.
* 1,313 children with instructional IEPs were served in Iowa’s SWVPP program but were funded by sources not reported by the state. Similar to prior years, these children were removed from the per-child spending calculations.
** Texas could not separate local and federal spending. The “local” column includes federal and local spending for Texas. Texas includes 18,711 Non-ADA eligible children in their enrollment total. These children are removed from state funding per child calculations.
***Vermont could not separate state, local, and federal spending. These were estimated based on K–12 spending percentages.