Minnesota

Overview

During the 2021-2022 school year, Minnesota enrolled 8,044 children, a decrease of 93 children from the prior year. State spending totaled $50,319,320, down $2,358,781 (4%), adjusted for inflation, since last year. State spending per child equaled $6,256 in 2021- 2022, down $218 from 2020-2021, adjusted for inflation. Minnesota met an average of 5.4 of 10 quality standards benchmarks.

What's New

Funding for 4,000 seats was scheduled to end after the 2020-2021 school year but the state legislature extended funding through Fiscal Year 2023. Federal relief funding remained available to programs during the 2021-2022 school year, including for summer programs. State funding and Preschool Development Grant funds were used to increase professional learning opportunities. The state is committed to supporting mixed-delivery partnerships between public schools, Head Start, and community-based providers. Finding qualified staff was a challenge for many preschool programs. In December 2022, the Minnesota Department of Education received a Preschool Development Grant Birth through Five (PDG B–5) planning grant for $4 million to focus on improved systems supports, accelerating local mixed-delivery work, and workforce compensation parity activities.

Background

Minnesota financially supplements federally designated Head Start and Early Head Start programs in order to increase access to early childhood education for children birth to age five. All state-supported Head Start programs are required to follow the Early Childhood Indicators of Progress (ECIPs), Minnesota’s early learning standards birth to kindergarten entrance as well as the federal Head Start Performance Standards. Total state funding for Head Start was $25.1 million and programs decide at the local level if funds are used for Head Start or Early Head Start. Recently there has been a shift towards more funding being used for Early Head Start. 

A second state-funded preschool program, Voluntary Prekindergarten (VPK), was established in 2016-2017 and funded through general education funds as a new grade level with children funded at 0.6 ADM. In 2017-2018, the state legislature created the School Readiness Plus (SRP) program, a variation of VPK. Districts could apply to be a VPK or SRP district; most chose to offer VPK. 

Across VPK and SRP, more than 7,000 seats were allocated to 130 school districts (including charter schools) at 217 sites through an application and ranking process based on free and reduced-price lunch percentages of each elementary school in the state. The program operates a minimum of 350 hours per year and serves children who are 4 years old by September 1. 

Voluntary Prekindergarten standards build on existing School Readiness standards by requiring the use of a defined list of curriculum and assessment tools aligned with the early learning standards and Kindergarten Entrance Assessment, paying knowledgeable teaching staff wages comparable to local K–12 teachers, observing teacher-child interactions to guide professional development using an approved instrument, involving parents in transition planning, and measuring the impact of the program through either a self- or state-designed tool. 

Minnesota invests state-funding in several early childhood initiatives for children aged 3- and 4-years old as of September 1st that are not included in this report: Early Learning Scholarship funding provides $77 million in scholarships to eligible families to offset the cost of enrollment in early childhood programs earning a Three- or Four-Star Parent Aware Rating. Additionally, the state invests $33 million in district-controlled School Readiness programs with widespread access and instructional standards similar to VPK/SRP for preschool aged children. The state also spends $32 million on district-based Early Childhood Family Education programs providing family education and home visits with a focus on health and developmental screening, parent engagement, and community services.